Name
Title | ||
|---|---|---|
Recognition of on-line handwritten mathematical expressions using 2D stochastic context-free grammars and hidden Markov models |
Abstract | ||
|---|---|---|
This paper describes a formal model for the recognition of on-line handwritten mathematical expressions using 2D stochastic context-free grammars and hidden Markov models. Hidden Markov models are used to recognize mathematical symbols, and a stochastic context-free grammar is used to model the relation between these symbols. This formal model makes possible to use classic algorithms for parsing and stochastic estimation. In this way, first, the model is able to capture many of variability phenomena that appear in on-line handwritten mathematical expressions during the training process. And second, the parsing process can make decisions taking into account only stochastic information, and avoiding heuristic decisions. The proposed model participated in a contest of mathematical expression recognition and it obtained the best results at different levels. |
Year | DOI | Venue |
|---|---|---|
2014 | 10.1016/j.patrec.2012.09.023 | Pattern Recognition Letters |
Keywords | Field | DocType |
stochastic information,stochastic context-free grammar,hidden markov model,on-line handwritten mathematical expression,parsing process,mathematical expression recognition,stochastic estimation,mathematical symbol,formal model,spatial relations,structural analysis,handwriting recognition | Rule-based machine translation,Heuristic,Context-free grammar,Pattern recognition,Expression (mathematics),Computer science,Markov model,Handwriting recognition,Artificial intelligence,Parsing,Hidden Markov model | Journal |
Volume | ISSN | Citations |
35, | 0167-8655 | 31 |
PageRank | References | Authors |
1.03 | 35 | 3 |
Name | Order | Citations | PageRank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Francisco Álvaro | 1 | 68 | 5.35 |
| Joan-Andreu Sánchez | 2 | 198 | 29.00 |
| José-Miguel Benedí | 3 | 318 | 29.43 |