Title
Identifying ligand binding sites and poses using GPU-accelerated Hamiltonian replica exchange molecular dynamics.
Abstract
We present a method to identify small molecule ligand binding sites and poses within a given protein crystal structure using GPU-accelerated Hamiltonian replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations. The Hamiltonians used vary from the physical end state of protein interacting with the ligand to an unphysical end state where the ligand does not interact with the protein. As replicas explore the space of Hamiltonians interpolating between these states, the ligand can rapidly escape local minima and explore potential binding sites. Geometric restraints keep the ligands from leaving the vicinity of the protein and an alchemical pathway designed to increase phase space overlap between intermediates ensures good mixing. Because of the rigorous statistical mechanical nature of the Hamiltonian exchange framework, we can also extract binding free energy estimates for all putative binding sites. We present results of this methodology applied to the T4 lysozyme L99A model system for three known ligands and one non-binder as a control, using an implicit solvent. We find that our methodology identifies known crystallographic binding sites consistently and accurately for the small number of ligands considered here and gives free energies consistent with experiment. We are also able to analyze the contribution of individual binding sites to the overall binding affinity. Our methodology points to near term potential applications in early-stage structure-guided drug discovery.
Year
DOI
Venue
2013
10.1007/s10822-013-9689-8
Journal of computer-aided molecular design
Keywords
Field
DocType
Ligand binding,Binding site identification,Binding mode prediction,GPU-accelerated molecular dynamics,Hamiltonian replica exchange,Free energy calculation
Protein crystallization,Binding site,Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics),Ligand,Ligand (biochemistry),Computational chemistry,Small molecule,Chemistry,Molecular dynamics,Bioinformatics,Protein structure
Journal
Volume
Issue
ISSN
27
12
1573-4951
Citations 
PageRank 
References 
9
0.57
18
Authors
4
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Kai Wang190.57
John D Chodera2467.89
Yanzhi Yang390.57
Michael R. Shirts41078.64