Name
Title | ||
|---|---|---|
Partitioning Variables across Register Windows to Reduce Spill Code in a Low-Power Processor |
Abstract | ||
|---|---|---|
Low-power embedded processors utilize compact instruction encodings to achieve small code size. Such encodings place tight restrictions on the number of bits available to encode operand specifiers and, thus, on the number of architected registers. As a result, performance and power are often sacrificed as the burden of operand supply is shifted from the register file to the memory due to the limited number of registers. In this paper, we investigate the use of a windowed register file to address this problem by providing more registers than allowed in the encoding. The registers are organized as a set of identical register windows where, at each point in the execution, there is a single active window. Special window management instructions are used to change the active window and to transfer values between windows. This design gives the appearance of a large register file without compromising the instruction encoding. To support the windowed register file, we designed and implemented a graph partitioning-based compiler algorithm that partitions program variables and temporaries referenced within a procedure across multiple windows. On a 16-bit embedded processor, an average of 11 percent improvement in application performance and 25 percent reduction in system power was achieved as an 8-register design was scaled from one to two windows. |
Year | DOI | Venue |
|---|---|---|
2005 | 10.1109/TC.2005.132 | IEEE Trans. Computers |
Keywords | Field | DocType |
windowed register file,special window management instruction,low-power processor,active window,single active window,register windows,identical register windows,register file,large register file,partitioning variables,multiple windows,reduce spill,architected register,limited number,embedded systems,embedded processor,indexing terms,instruction sets,low power electronics,register window,code generation,optimization,graph partitioning | File Control Block,Status register,Register allocation,Computer science,Memory data register,Operand,Parallel computing,Register file,Real-time computing,Register window,Processor register | Journal |
Volume | Issue | ISSN |
54 | 8 | 0018-9340 |
Citations | PageRank | References |
18 | 0.88 | 17 |
Authors | ||
7 | ||
Name | Order | Citations | PageRank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rajiv A. Ravindran | 1 | 213 | 11.13 |
| Robert M. Senger | 2 | 294 | 23.55 |
| Eric D. Marsman | 3 | 115 | 10.30 |
| Ganesh S. Dasika | 4 | 387 | 24.30 |
| Matthew R. Guthaus | 5 | 155 | 19.14 |
| Scott Mahlke | 6 | 4811 | 312.08 |
| Richard B. Brown | 7 | 473 | 64.00 |