Name
Title | ||
|---|---|---|
Fitts' law and expanding targets: Experimental studies and designs for user interfaces |
Abstract | ||
|---|---|---|
Recently, there has been renewed interest in techniques for facilitating the selection of user interface widgets or other on-screen targets with a pointing device. We report research into using target expansion for facilitating selection. Widgets that expand or grow in response to the user's focus of attention allow for a reduced initial size which can help optimize screen space use and may be easier to select than targets that do not expand. However, selection performance could plausibly suffer from a decreased initial widget size. We describe an experiment in which users select a single, isolated target button that expands just before it is selected. Our results show that users benefit from target expansion even if the target only begins expanding after 90% of the distance to the target has been travelled. Furthermore, our results suggest that, for sufficiently large ID values, users are able to take approximately full advantage of the expanded target size. For interfaces with multiple expanding widgets, however, subtle problems arise due to the collisions or overlap that may occur between adjacent expanding widgets. We give a detailed examination of the issues involved in both untiled and tiled multiple expanding targets and present various design strategies for improving their performance. |
Year | DOI | Venue |
|---|---|---|
2005 | 10.1145/1121112.1121115 | ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. |
Keywords | Field | DocType |
tiled multiple,general terms: human factors,interaction design,initial widget size,expansion,widget design,isolated target button,theory additional key words and phrases: empirical evaluation,experimental study,reduced initial size,interaction modeling,on-screen target,selection performance,detailed examination,measurement,growing targets,expanding targets,fitts' law,experimentation,user interface widget,target expansion,target magnification,design,expanded target size,computer graphic,fitts law,design theory,user interface,interaction technique,graphic user interface,pointing device,human factors | Fitts's law,Interaction design,Computer science,Pointing device,Human–computer interaction,User interface,Multimedia,Screen space | Journal |
Volume | Issue | Citations |
12 | 4 | 75 |
PageRank | References | Authors |
3.13 | 21 | 2 |
Name | Order | Citations | PageRank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Michael J. McGuffin | 1 | 989 | 54.52 |
| Ravin Balakrishnan | 2 | 6497 | 403.55 |