Name
Title | ||
|---|---|---|
Maximum likelihood estimation of length of secret message embedded using ±k steganography in spatial domain |
Abstract | ||
|---|---|---|
In this paper, we propose a new method for estimating the number of embedding changes for non-adaptive +/- K embedding in images. The method uses a high-pass FIR filter and then recovers an approximate message length using a Maximum Likelihood Estimator on those stego image segments where the filtered samples can be modeled using a stationary Generalized Gaussian random process. It is shown that for images with a low noise level, such as decompressed JPEG images, this method can accurately estimate the number of embedding changes even for K = 1 and for embedding rates as low as 0.2 bits per pixel. Although for raw, never compressed images the message length estimate is less accurate, when used as a scalar parameter for a classifier detecting the presence of +/- K steganography, the proposed method gave us relatively reliable results for embedding rates as low as 0.5 bits per pixel. |
Year | DOI | Venue |
|---|---|---|
2005 | 10.1117/12.584426 | Proceedings of SPIE |
Keywords | Field | DocType |
stegananalysis,steganography,+/- K embedding,MLE | Steganography,Embedding,Pattern recognition,Image processing,Color depth,Image segmentation,JPEG,Gaussian process,Artificial intelligence,Steganalysis,Mathematics | Conference |
Volume | ISSN | Citations |
5681 | 0277-786X | 32 |
PageRank | References | Authors |
3.03 | 10 | 3 |
Name | Order | Citations | PageRank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jessica Fridrich | 1 | 8014 | 592.05 |
| David Soukal | 2 | 508 | 38.35 |
| Miroslav Goljan | 3 | 2430 | 221.88 |