Name
Abstract | ||
|---|---|---|
We present a measurement study and classification methodology for out-of-sequence packets in TCP connections observed within the Sprint IP backbone. Such out-of-sequence packets can result from many causes including loss, looping, reordering, or duplication in the network. It is important to quantify and understand the causes of such out-of-sequence packets since they are one indication of the "health" of an end- end TCP connection. Our first contribution is methodological. Because we measure out-of-sequence packets at a single point in the backbone (rather than by sending and measuring end-end probe traffic at the sender or receiver), a new methodology is required to infer the causes of a connection's out-of-sequence packets based only on measurements taken in the "middle" of the connection. We thus describe techniques that classify the causes of observed out-of-sequence behavior based only on the previously- and subsequently-observed packets within a connection and knowledge of how TCP behaves. We show that using these simple techniques, it is possible to classify almost all out-of-sequence packets in our traces and that we can quantify the uncertainty in our classification. Our second contribution is the characterization of the out-of-sequence behavior itself. We analyze numerous several-hour packet-level traces from a set of OC-3 and OC-12 links for several million connections generated in nearly 4,300 unique ASes. Our measurements show a relatively consistent amount of out-of-sequence packets of approximately 5%. We find that few out-of-sequence packets result from pathological problems such as routing loops or in- network duplication/reordering. |
Year | DOI | Venue |
|---|---|---|
2007 | 10.1109/TNET.2006.890117 | IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Networking |
Keywords | Field | DocType |
classification methodology,out-of-sequence packet,large backbone network,tcp/ip performance,passive measurements,tcp connection,sprint ip backbone,tier-1 ip backbone,out-of-sequence packets,end-end probe traffic,end-end path,out-of-sequence behavior,in-network reordering,internet measurements,millions connection,indexing terms,wavelets,scaling | Computer science,Internet traffic engineering,Network packet,Computer network,Tier 1 network,Wavelet,Distributed computing | Journal |
Volume | Issue | ISSN |
15 | 1 | 1063-6692 |
ISBN | Citations | PageRank |
1-58113-603-X | 84 | 9.95 |
References | Authors | |
11 | 5 | |
Name | Order | Citations | PageRank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sharad Jaiswal | 1 | 195 | 19.88 |
| Gainluca Iannaccone | 2 | 2140 | 156.52 |
| Christophe Diot | 3 | 7831 | 590.69 |
| Jim Kurose | 4 | 5307 | 610.06 |
| Don Towsley | 5 | 18693 | 1951.05 |