Paper Info
Title
Nocturnal awakening and sleep efficiency estimation using unobtrusively measured ballistocardiogram.
Abstract
Fragmented sleep due to frequent awakenings represents a major cause of impaired daytime performance and adverse health outcomes. Currently, the gold standard for studying and assessing sleep fragmentation is polysomnography (PSG). Here, we propose an alternative method for real-time detection of nocturnal awakening via ballistocardiography using an unobtrusive polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film sensor on a bed mattress. From ballistocardiogram, heart rate and body movement information were extracted to develop an algorithm for classifying sleeping and awakening epochs. In total, ten normal subjects (mean age 38.7 ± 14.6 years) and ten patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (mean age 44.2 ± 16.5 years) of varying symptom severity participated in this study. Our study detected awakening epochs with an average sensitivity of 85.3% and 85.2%, specificity of 98.4% and 97.7%, accuracy of 97.4% and 96.5%, and Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.83 and 0.81 for normal subjects and OSA patients, respectively. Also, sleep efficiency was estimated using detected awakening epochs and then compared with PSG results. Mean absolute errors in sleep efficiency were 1.08% and 1.44% for normal subjects and OSA patients, respectively. The results presented here indicate that our suggested method could be reliably applied to real-time nocturnal awakening detection and sleep efficiency estimation. Furthermore, our method may ultimately be an effective tool for long-term, home monitoring of sleep-wake behavior.
Year
DOI
Venue
2014
10.1109/TBME.2013.2278020
IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engineering
Keywords
Field
DocType
body movement information,electrocardiography,biomechanics,heart rate,cohens kappa coefficient,medical disorders,mean absolute errors,gold standard,awakening epochs,obstructive sleep apnea,thin film sensors,electroencephalography,sleep,patient monitoring,sleep efficiency estimation,medical signal processing,real-time detection,sleep fragmentation,unobtrusive measured ballistocardiogram,osa patients,polymer films,sleep-wake behavior,electro-oculography,nocturnal awakening,electromyography,real-time nocturnal awakening detection,heart rate (hr),unobtrusive polyvinylidene fluoride film sensor,sleep efficiency,bed mattress,sleeping epochs,polysomnography,ballistocardiogram (bcg)
Obstructive sleep apnea,Anesthesia,Cohen's kappa,Artificial intelligence,Heart rate,Electrocardiography,Medicine,Electroencephalography,Polysomnography,Computer vision,Internal medicine,Cardiology,Electromyography,Ballistocardiography
Journal
Volume
Issue
ISSN
61
1
1558-2531
Citations 
PageRank 
References 
10
0.84
4
Authors
6
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Da Woon Jung1143.54
Su-Hwan Hwang2203.08
Hee Nam Yoon3295.47
Yu-Jin G Lee4173.96
Do-Un Jeong512123.79
Kwang Suk Park626646.43