Paper Info
Title
The Interaction Plateau: Answer-Based Tutoring < Step-Based Tutoring = Natural Tutoring
Abstract
Face-to-face tutoring by an expert human tutor is widely thought to be more effective than intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), which are in turn thought to be more effective than computer-aided instruction (CAI), computer-based training (CBT), etc. The latter tutoring systems have students work out complex solutions on paper, then enter their answer into the tutor, which gives them feedback and hints on their answer. Thus, CAI, CBT, etc. are answer-based tutoring systems. This is a low level of interactivity, in that the student may make many inferences between the time they start the problem and when they first get feedback on their thinking. With a typical ITS, such as the Andes physics tutoring system, students enter every step of a complex solution into the tutor, which gives them feedback and hints, either immediately or when they have finished entering all the steps. These systems are step-based tutoring systems, because the feedback and hints are directed at steps rather than the final answer. They are moderately interactive, because students make a moderate number of inferences per step. When interacting face-to-face with a human tutor, students often talk aloud as they reason, and thus allow the tutor to hear and intervene at almost every inference made by the student. Thus, human tutoring is highly interactive. Natural language tutoring systems, such as Why2-Atlas and Cordillera, are engineered to act like human tutors, so they too are highly interactive.
Year
DOI
Venue
2008
10.1007/978-3-540-69132-7_4
Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Keywords
Field
DocType
natural language
Interactivity,TUTOR,Computer science,Inference,Natural language,Artificial intelligence,Mathematics education,Multimedia,Machine learning,Moderate number
Conference
Citations 
PageRank 
References 
4
0.52
1
Authors
1
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Kurt VanLehn12352417.44