Name
Abstract | ||
|---|---|---|
The locations of formants in a speech signal are usually estimated by computing the linear predictive coefficients (LPC) over a sliding window and finding the peaks in the spectrum of the resulting LP filter. The peak locations are estimated either by root-solving or by computing a coarse spectrum and finding its maxima. We discuss four sources of systematic error in this analysis: (1) quantization of the speech signal due to the fundamental frequency, (2) incorrect order for the LP filter, (3) exclusive reliance upon root-solving, and (4) the three-point parabolic interpolation used to compensate for the coarse spectrum. We show that the expected error due to F0 quantization is ∼10% of F0, and that the other three sources can independently skew the final formant estimates by 10-80 Hz. We also show that errors due to incorrect filter order are related to systematic differences between speakers and phonetic classes, and that root-solving is especially error-prone for low formants or when formants are close to each other. We discuss methods for avoiding these errors and improving the accuracy of formant estimation, and give a heuristic for estimating the optimal filter order of a steady-state signal. |
Year | DOI | Venue |
|---|---|---|
2002 | 10.1016/S0167-6393(01)00049-8 | Speech Communication |
Keywords | Field | DocType |
optimal filter order,speech signal,formant analysis,systematic error,steady-state vowel,f0 quantization,low formants,incorrect order,lpc,lp filter,speech analysis,incorrect filter order,expected error,vowels,steady-state signal,formant estimation,coarse spectrum,fundamental frequency,spectrum,sliding window,steady state | Fundamental frequency,Sliding window protocol,Speech recognition,Skew,Formant,Quantization (signal processing),Maxima,Successive parabolic interpolation,Mathematics,Filter design | Journal |
Volume | Issue | ISSN |
38 | 1 | Speech Communication |
Citations | PageRank | References |
15 | 1.91 | 3 |
Authors | ||
2 | ||
Name | Order | Citations | PageRank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gautam K. Vallabha | 1 | 24 | 3.17 |
| Betty Tuller | 2 | 32 | 15.22 |