Title
Image Classification with the Fisher Vector: Theory and Practice
Abstract
A standard approach to describe an image for classification and retrieval purposes is to extract a set of local patch descriptors, encode them into a high dimensional vector and pool them into an image-level signature. The most common patch encoding strategy consists in quantizing the local descriptors into a finite set of prototypical elements. This leads to the popular Bag-of-Visual words representation. In this work, we propose to use the Fisher Kernel framework as an alternative patch encoding strategy: we describe patches by their deviation from an "universal" generative Gaussian mixture model. This representation, which we call Fisher vector has many advantages: it is efficient to compute, it leads to excellent results even with efficient linear classifiers, and it can be compressed with a minimal loss of accuracy using product quantization. We report experimental results on five standard datasets--PASCAL VOC 2007, Caltech 256, SUN 397, ILSVRC 2010 and ImageNet10K--with up to 9M images and 10K classes, showing that the FV framework is a state-of-the-art patch encoding technique.
Year
DOI
Venue
2013
10.1007/s11263-013-0636-x
International Journal of Computer Vision
Keywords
Field
DocType
Image classification,Large-scale classification,Bag-of-Visual words,Fisher vector,Fisher kernel,Product quantization
ENCODE,Finite set,Pattern recognition,Bag-of-words model in computer vision,Computer science,Artificial intelligence,Quantization (signal processing),Contextual image classification,Fisher kernel,Machine learning,Mixture model,Encoding (memory)
Journal
Volume
Issue
ISSN
105
3
0920-5691
Citations 
PageRank 
References 
561
12.56
56
Authors
4
Search Limit
100561
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Jorge Sánchez12790149.07
Florent Perronnin25448291.48
Thomas Mensink32354116.33
J. J. Verbeek43944181.44