Name
Title | ||
|---|---|---|
An Approach to Image Spam Filtering Based on Base64 Encoding and N-Gram Feature Extraction |
Abstract | ||
|---|---|---|
As compared with text spam, the image spam is a variant which is invented to escape from traditional text-based spam classification and filtering. Various approaches to image spam filtering have been proposed with respective advantages and drawbacks in terms of time cost and efficiency. In this paper, we propose a new approach based on Base64 encoding of image files and n-gram technique for feature extraction. By transforming normal images into Base64 presentation, we try to extract features of an image with n-gram technique. With these features we train an SVM (support vector machine) which shows effectiveness and efficiency in detecting spam images from legitimate images. With an online shared personal corpus of images as the input, experimental results show that our approach, in comparison with some of the existing methods of feature extraction, can achieve very high performance for image spam classification in terms of some basic measures such as accuracy, precision, and recall. Moreover, our approach shows its practicability by taking less running time for image spam classification in comparison to other methods. |
Year | DOI | Venue |
|---|---|---|
2010 | 10.1109/ICTAI.2010.31 | ICTAI (1) |
Keywords | Field | DocType |
text-based spam filtering,image coding,spam image,image file,n-gram feature extraction,base64 encoding,text spam,image spam,gram technique,image spam filtering,traditional text-based spam classification,unsolicited e-mail,svm,text-based spam classification,feature extraction,image classification,support vector machine,image spam classification,legitimate image,normal image,support vector machines | Bag-of-words model,Data mining,Pattern recognition,Computer science,Support vector machine,Filter (signal processing),Feature extraction,Image spam,Image file formats,Artificial intelligence,n-gram,Contextual image classification | Conference |
Volume | ISSN | ISBN |
1 | 1082-3409 | 978-1-4244-8817-9 |
Citations | PageRank | References |
0 | 0.34 | 10 |
Authors | ||
3 | ||
Name | Order | Citations | PageRank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Congfu Xu | 1 | 131 | 15.71 |
| Yafang Chen | 2 | 0 | 0.34 |
| Kevin Chiew | 3 | 17 | 4.32 |