Paper Info
Title
A Hardware Platform for Evaluating Low-Energy Multiprocessor Embedded Systems Based on COTS Devices
Abstract
Embedded systems are usually energy constrained. Moreover, in these systems, increased productivity and reduced time to market are essential for product success. To design complex embedded systems while reducing the development time and cost, there is a great tendency to use commercial off-the-shelf (“COTS”) devices. At system level, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is one of the most effective techniques for energy reduction. Nonetheless, many widely used COTS processors either do not have DVFS or apply DVFS only to processor cores. In this paper, an easy-to-implement COTS-based evaluation platform for low-energy embedded systems is presented. To achieve energy saving, DVFS is provided for the whole microcontroller (including core, phase-locked loop, memory, and I/O). In addition, facilities are provided for experimenting with fault-tolerance techniques. The platform is equipped with energy measurement and debugging equipment. Physical experiments show that applying DVFS on the whole microcontroller provides up to 47% and 12% energy saving compared with the sole use of dynamic power management and applying DVFS only on the core, respectively. Although the platform is designed for ARM-based embedded systems, our approach is general and can be applied to other types of systems.
Year
DOI
Venue
2015
10.1109/TIE.2014.2352215
Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions  
Keywords
Field
DocType
embedded systems,fault tolerant computing,microcontrollers,multiprocessing systems,phase locked loops,power aware computing,arm-based embedded systems,cots devices,cots processors,dvfs,i/o,commercial off-the-shelf devices,complex embedded system design,debugging equipment,development cost reduction,development time reduction,dynamic voltage-and-frequency scaling,energy constrained embedded systems,energy measurement,energy reduction,energy saving,fault-tolerance techniques,hardware platform,low-energy embedded systems,low-energy multiprocessor embedded system evaluation,microcontroller cores,microcontroller memory,phase-locked loop,physical experiments,system level,energy management
Phase-locked loop,Voltage,Multiprocessing,Microcontroller,Frequency scaling,Engineering,Computer hardware,Time to market,Multi-core processor,Debugging,Embedded system
Journal
Volume
Issue
ISSN
62
2
0278-0046
Citations 
PageRank 
References 
5
0.46
16
Authors
2
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Mohammad Salehi1564.99
Alireza Ejlali243338.60