Paper Info
Title
Decision support system for age-related macular degeneration using discrete wavelet transform.
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects the central vision and subsequently may lead to visual loss in people over 60 years of age. There is no permanent cure for AMD, but early detection and successive treatment may improve the visual acuity. AMD is mainly classified into dry and wet type; however, dry AMD is more common in aging population. AMD is characterized by drusen, yellow pigmentation, and neovascularization. These lesions are examined through visual inspection of retinal fundus images by ophthalmologists. It is laborious, time-consuming, and resource-intensive. Hence, in this study, we have proposed an automated AMD detection system using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and feature ranking strategies. The first four-order statistical moments (mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis), energy, entropy, and Gini index-based features are extracted from DWT coefficients. We have used five (t test, Kullback-Lieber Divergence (KLD), Chernoff Bound and Bhattacharyya Distance, receiver operating characteristics curve-based, and Wilcoxon) feature ranking strategies to identify optimal feature set. A set of supervised classifiers namely support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, [Formula: see text]-nearest neighbor ([Formula: see text]-NN), Naive Bayes, and probabilistic neural network were used to evaluate the highest performance measure using minimum number of features in classifying normal and dry AMD classes. The proposed framework obtained an average accuracy of 93.70%, sensitivity of 91.11%, and specificity of 96.30% using KLD ranking and SVM classifier. We have also formulated an AMD Risk Index using selected features to classify the normal and dry AMD classes using one number. The proposed system can be used to assist the clinicians and also for mass AMD screening programs.
Year
DOI
Venue
2014
10.1007/s11517-014-1180-8
Medical & biological engineering & computing
Keywords
Field
DocType
energy,entropy
Decision tree,Receiver operating characteristic,Bhattacharyya distance,Pattern recognition,Naive Bayes classifier,Support vector machine,Wilcoxon signed-rank test,Artificial intelligence,Discrete wavelet transform,Mathematics,Kurtosis
Journal
Volume
Issue
ISSN
52
9
1741-0444
Citations 
PageRank 
References 
7
0.52
15
Authors
10
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Muthu Rama Krishnan Mookiah12359.94
Rajendra Acharya U24666296.34
Joel E. W. Koh326619.06
Chua Kuang Chua454526.57
Jen-Hong Tan574532.04
Vinod Chandran651461.49
Choo Min Lim744628.35
Kevin Noronha81014.69
Augustinus Laude922111.99
Louis Tong101658.22