Paper Info
Title
Improved Sensing Pulses for Increased Human Head Depth Measurement Sensitivity With Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
Abstract
This paper describes an improved Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) stimulus paradigm, based on dual energy pulses using the Stochastic Gabor Function (SGF) that may more sensitively assess deep brain tissue impedance than current single pulse paradigms. The SGF is a uniformly distributed noise, modulated by a Gaussian envelop, with a wide frequency spectrum representation regardless of the stimuli energy, and is least compact in the sample frequency phase plane. Numerical results obtained using a realistic human head model confirms that two sequential SGF pulses at different energies can improve EIS depth sensitivity when used in a dual energy subtraction scheme. Specifically, although the two SGF pulses exhibit different tissue current distributions, they maintain the broadband sensing pulse characteristics needed to generate all the frequencies of interest. Moreover, finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations show that this dual energy excitation scheme is capable of reducing the amplitude of weighted current densities surface directly underneath the electrodes by approximately 3 million times versus single stimulation pulses, while maintaining an acceptable tissue conductivity distribution at depth. This increased sensitivity for the detection of small, deep impedance changes might be of value in potential future EIS applications, such as the portable, point-of-care detection of deep brain hemorrhage or infarction.
Year
DOI
Venue
2013
10.1109/TBME.2013.2280877
Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions
Keywords
Field
DocType
bioelectric phenomena,biological tissues,biomedical measurement,brain,current density,electric impedance measurement,electrochemical electrodes,finite difference time-domain analysis,neurophysiology,physiological models,stochastic processes,EIS depth sensitivity,EIS stimulus paradigm,Gaussian envelope,broadband sensing pulse characteristics,deep brain hemorrhage,deep brain infarction,deep brain tissue impedance,dual-energy excitation scheme,dual-energy subtraction scheme,electrical impedance spectroscopy stimulus paradigm,electrodes,finite-difference time domain simulation,human head depth measurement sensitivity,improved sensing pulses,point-of-care detection,realistic human head model,sample frequency phase plane,sequential SGF pulses,single stimulation pulses,single-pulse paradigms,stochastic Gabor function,tissue conductivity distribution,tissue current distributions,uniform distributed noise,weighted current densities,wide-frequency spectrum representation,Electrical impedance measurement,pulse generation,spectral analysis,stochastic systems
Current density,Time domain,Computer science,Electronic engineering,Electrical impedance,Excitation,Measured depth,Amplitude,Electrode,Human head
Journal
Volume
Issue
ISSN
60
12
0018-9294
Citations 
PageRank 
References 
0
0.34
8
Authors
2
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Giorgio Bonmassar115933.51
Michael H. Lev261.17