Title
Defeating face de-identification methods based on DCT-block scrambling
Abstract
Abstract Face de-identification aims at preserving the privacy of people by concealing faces in images and videos. In this paper, we propose a defeating algorithm for face de-identification methods that are based on DCT-block scrambling. These methods protect faces by scrambling the AC and DC coefficients of the DCT blocks corresponding to a face region in the compressed domain. The proposed approach does not make use of the protection key utilized in the de-identification process. It consists of the following stages. First, random unprotected faces are generated based on a random alteration of the sign of AC coefficients with a fixed value of DC coefficients. Then, the best unprotected faces are selected by an eigenfaces model trained with facial images from a repository of potentially protected people. A single facial image is then generated by merging the selected images through median stacking. Finally, the eigenfaces model is utilized again to choose the face from the repository that is closest to the resulting image in order to improve the aspect of the unprotected face. Experimental results using a proprietary database and the public CALTECH, Utrecht and LFW face databases show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Year
DOI
Venue
2016
10.1007/s00138-015-0743-5
Machine Vision and Applications
Keywords
Field
DocType
Privacy,Face de-identification,Defeating,DCT-block scrambling
Computer vision,Eigenface,De-identification,Scrambling,Pattern recognition,Computer science,Discrete cosine transform,Artificial intelligence,Merge (version control)
Journal
Volume
Issue
ISSN
27
2
1432-1769
Citations 
PageRank 
References 
0
0.34
14
Authors
4
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Hatem A. Rashwan16816.88
Miguel Ángel Garcia222024.41
Antoni Martínez-Ballesté353035.63
Domènec Puig4847.98