Name
Abstract | ||
|---|---|---|
The key idea of statistical hypothesis testing is to fix, and thereby control, the Type I error (false positive) rate across samples of any size. Multiple comparisons inflate the global (family-wise) Type I error rate and the traditional solution to maintaining control of the error rate is to increase the local (comparison-wise) Type II error (false negative) rates. However, in the analysis of human brain imaging data, the number of comparisons is so large that this solution breaks down: the local Type II error rate ends up being so large that scientifically meaningful analysis is precluded. Here we propose a novel solution to this problem: allow the Type I error rate to converge to zero along with the Type II error rate. It works because when the Type I error rate per comparison is very small, the accumulation (or global) Type I error rate is also small. This solution is achieved by employing the likelihood paradigm, which uses likelihood ratios to measure the strength of evidence on a voxel-by-voxel basis. In this paper, we provide theoretical and empirical justification for a likelihood approach to the analysis of human brain imaging data. In addition, we present extensive simulations that show the likelihood approach is viable, leading to “cleaner”-looking brain maps and operational superiority (lower average error rate). Finally, we include a case study on cognitive control related activation in the prefrontal cortex of the human brain. |
Year | DOI | Venue |
|---|---|---|
2015 | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.009 | NeuroImage |
Keywords | Field | DocType |
Multiple comparison,Likelihood paradigm,Likelihood ratio,Functional magnetic resonance imaging | False discovery rate,Per-comparison error rate,Word error rate,Multiple comparisons problem,Type I and type II errors,Statistics,Bayes error rate,Statistical power,Mathematics,Statistical hypothesis testing | Journal |
Volume | ISSN | Citations |
123 | 1053-8119 | 1 |
PageRank | References | Authors |
0.36 | 4 | 4 |
Name | Order | Citations | PageRank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hakmook Kang | 1 | 11 | 4.41 |
| Jeffrey Blume | 2 | 1 | 0.36 |
| Hernando Ombao | 3 | 98 | 18.00 |
| David Badre | 4 | 73 | 7.92 |