Paper Info
Title
Localization Free Energy Efficient and Cooperative Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks.
Abstract
Mitigation of channel unfavorable circumstances during data routing in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) has utmost significance. It guarantees saving packet corruption along unfavorable channels so that vital data is not lost or become meaningless. This paper proposes two routing protocols for UWSNs: localization free energy efficient routing (LFEER) and its improved version, localization free energy efficient cooperative routing (Co-LFEER). The LFEER makes decision of choosing a relay based on its maximum residual energy, number of hops and the bit error rate of the link over which packets are transmitted. These metrics are chosen to save packets from corruption to the maximum limit and maintain stable paths (where nodes do not die soon). Since a single link is used in the LFEER for packets forwarding, the link may become worse with changing circumstances of the channel. To deal with this issue, cooperative routing is added to the LFFER to construct the Co-LFEER protocol, in which some copies of packets are received by destination to decide about packets quality. Converse to some prevalent protocols, both LFEER and Co-LFEER are independent of knowing the sensor nodes' positions, which increases computational complexity and wasteful utilization of resources. Based on extensive simulations, the proposed schemes are better than Co-DBR in reducing energy utilization and advancing packets to the desired destination.
Year
DOI
Venue
2018
10.3390/sym10100498
SYMMETRY-BASEL
Keywords
Field
DocType
UWSNs,LFEER,Co-LFEER,routing
Underwater wireless sensor networks,Efficient energy use,Mathematical analysis,Computer network,Mathematics,Routing protocol
Journal
Volume
Issue
ISSN
10
10.0
2073-8994
Citations 
PageRank 
References 
1
0.37
16
Authors
5
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Sahar Shah110.37
Anwar Khan2116.68
Ihsan Ali3173.75
Kwang-man Ko452.56
Hasan Mahmood55010.35