Paper Info
Title
Cognitive enhancement with Salience Network electrical stimulation is influenced by network structural connectivity.
Abstract
The Salience Network (SN) and its interactions are important for cognitive control. We have previously shown that structural damage to the SN is associated with abnormal functional connectivity between the SN and Default Mode Network (DMN), abnormal DMN deactivation, and impaired response inhibition, which is an important aspect of cognitive control. This suggests that stimulating the SN might enhance cognitive control. Here, we tested whether non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) could be used to modulate activity within the SN and enhance cognitive control. TDCS was applied to the right inferior frontal gyrus/anterior insula cortex during performance of the Stop Signal Task (SST) and concurrent functional (f)MRI. Anodal TDCS improved response inhibition. Furthermore, stratification of participants based on SN structural connectivity showed that it was an important influence on both behavioural and physiological responses to anodal TDCS. Participants with high fractional anisotropy within the SN showed improved SST performance and increased activation of the SN with anodal TDCS, whilst those with low fractional anisotropy within the SN did not. Cathodal stimulation of the SN produced activation of the right caudate, an effect which was not modulated by SN structural connectivity. Our results show that stimulation targeted to the SN can improve response inhibition, supporting the causal influence of this network on cognitive control and confirming it as a target to produce cognitive enhancement. Our results also highlight the importance of structural connectivity as a modulator of network to TDCS, which should guide the design and interpretation of future stimulation studies.
Year
DOI
Venue
2019
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.069
NeuroImage
Keywords
Field
DocType
Salience Network,Stop Signal Task,Transcranial direct current stimulation,TDCS,Response inhibition,Cognitive control,White matter tract,Fractional anisotropy,Functional MRI
Cortex (botany),Neuroscience,Default mode network,Fractional anisotropy,Salience (neuroscience),Stop signal,Psychology,Cognitive psychology,Cognition,Transcranial direct-current stimulation,Stimulation
Journal
Volume
ISSN
Citations 
185
1053-8119
2
PageRank 
References 
Authors
0.39
15
8
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Lucia M Li120.39
Inês R Violante282.24
Robert Leech3868.08
Adam Hampshire41079.23
Alexander Opitz5666.97
David McArthur620.39
David W Carmichael718918.91
David Sharp8421.89