Title
Continuous, real-time emotion annotation: A novel joystick-based analysis framework
Abstract
Emotion labels are usually obtained via either manual annotation, which is tedious and time-consuming, or questionnaires, which neglect the time-varying nature of emotions and depend on human's unreliable introspection. To overcome these limitations, we developed a continuous, real-time, joystick-based emotion annotation framework. To assess the same, 30 subjects each watched 8 emotion-inducing videos. They were asked to indicate their instantaneous emotional state in a valence-arousal (V-A) space, using a joystick. Subsequently, five analyses were undertaken: (i) a System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire unveiled the framework's excellent usability; (ii) MANOVA analysis of the mean V-A ratings and (iii) trajectory similarity analyses of the annotations confirmed the successful elicitation of emotions; (iv) Change point analysis of the annotations, revealed a direct mapping between emotional events and annotations, thereby enabling automatic detection of emotionally salient points in the videos; and (v) Support Vector Machines (SVM) were trained on classification of 5 second chunks of annotations as well as their change-points. The classification results confirmed that ratings patterns were cohesive across the participants. These analyses confirm the value, validity, and usability of our annotation framework. They also showcase novel tools for gaining greater insights into the emotional experience of the participants.
Year
DOI
Venue
2020
10.1109/TAFFC.2017.2772882
IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing
Keywords
Field
DocType
Videos,Usability,Tools,Standards,Two dimensional displays,Real-time systems,Support vector machines
Natural language processing,Artificial intelligence,Joystick,Multivariate analysis of variance,Introspection,Annotation,Usability,Support vector machine,Psychology,Speech recognition,System usability scale,Machine learning,Salient
Journal
Volume
Issue
ISSN
11
1
1949-3045
Citations 
PageRank 
References 
4
0.43
11
Authors
4
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Karan Sharma1132.96
Claudio Castellini244833.56
Freek Stulp344840.02
Egon L. van den Broek421031.00