Title
Noninvasive Electromagnetic Wave Sensing of Glucose.
Abstract
Diabetic patients need long-term and frequent glucose monitoring to assist in insulin intake. The current finger-prick devices are painful and costly, which places noninvasive glucose sensors in high demand. In this review paper, we list several advanced electromagnetic (EM)-wave-based technologies for noninvasive glucose measurement, including infrared (IR) spectroscopy, photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence, optical coherence tomography (OCT), Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy, and microwave sensing. The development of each method is discussed regarding the fundamental principle, system setup, and experimental results. Despite the promising achievements that have been previously reported, no established product has obtained FDA approval or survived a marketing test. The limitations of, and prospects for, these techniques are presented at the end of this review.
Year
DOI
Venue
2019
10.3390/s19051151
SENSORS
Keywords
Field
DocType
noninvasive glucose measurement,IR spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,photoacoustic spectroscopy,THz spectroscopy,microwave sensing
Biomedical engineering,Photoacoustic spectroscopy,Microwave,Optical coherence tomography,Infrared spectroscopy,Electronic engineering,Terahertz radiation,Engineering,Electromagnetic radiation,Spectroscopy,Glucose Measurement
Journal
Volume
Issue
ISSN
19
5
1424-8220
Citations 
PageRank 
References 
2
0.43
4
Authors
7
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Ruochong Zhang120.77
Siyu Liu2188.31
Haoran Jin333.86
Yunqi Luo421.10
Zesheng Zheng533.15
Fei Gao6710.00
Yuanjin Zheng732872.86