Title
Almost Unsupervised Learning for Dense Crowd Counting
Abstract
We present an unsupervised learning method for dense crowd count estimation. Marred by large variability in appearance of people and extreme overlap in crowds, enumerating people proves to be a difficult task even for humans. This implies creating large-scale annotated crowd data is expensive and directly takes a toll on the performance of existing CNN based counting models on account of small datasets. Motivated by these challenges, we develop Grid Winner-Take-All (GWTA) autoencoder to learn several layers of useful filters from unlabeled crowd images. Our GWTA approach divides a convolution layer spatially into a grid of cells. Within each cell, only the maximally activated neuron is allowed to update the filter. Almost 99.9% of the parameters of the proposed model are trained without any labeled data while the rest 0.1% are tuned with supervision. The model achieves superior results compared to other unsupervised methods and stays reasonably close to the accuracy of supervised baseline. Furthermore, we present comparisons and analyses regarding the quality of learned features across various models.
Year
Venue
Field
2019
AAAI
Crowds,Autoencoder,Convolution,Computer science,Unsupervised learning,Artificial intelligence,Crowd counting,Labeled data,Grid,Machine learning
DocType
Citations 
PageRank 
Conference
2
0.36
References 
Authors
0
4
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
deepak babu sam151.09
Neeraj Nagaraj Sajjan220.36
Himanshu Maurya320.36
R. Venkatesh Babu4104684.83