Title
Online Hate Ratings Vary by Extremes: A Statistical Analysis
Abstract
Analyzing 5,665 crowd ratings on 1,133 social media comments, we find that individuals tend to agree on the extremes of a hate rating scale more than in the middle when evaluating the hatefulness of online comments. The agreement is higher for less hateful comments and lowest on moderately hateful comments. The results have implications for researchers developing machine learning models for online hate processing, as the extreme classes are likely to require fewer annotations for reaching statistical stability. Our findings suggest that the models developed in this domain should consider the distributions of hate ratings rather than average hate scores.
Year
DOI
Venue
2019
10.1145/3295750.3298954
conference on human information interaction and retrieval
Keywords
Field
DocType
Online hate, toxicity, ratings, interpretation, crowdsourcing
Stability (probability),Social media,Information retrieval,Computer science,Crowdsourcing,Cognitive psychology,Rating scale,Statistical analysis
Conference
ISBN
Citations 
PageRank 
978-1-4503-6025-8
0
0.34
References 
Authors
13
5
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Joni Salminen14424.54
Hind Almerekhi2173.81
Ahmed Mohamed Kamel300.34
Soon-Gyo Jung45721.83
Bernard J. Jansen54753394.06