Title | ||
---|---|---|
Epitaxial Graphene Sensors Combined with 3D-Printed Microfluidic Chip for Heavy Metals Detection. |
Abstract | ||
---|---|---|
In this work, we investigated the sensing performance of epitaxial graphene on Si-face 4H-SiC (EG/SiC) for liquid-phase detection of heavy metals (e.g., Pb and Cd), showing fast and stable response and low detection limit. The sensing platform proposed includes 3D-printed microfluidic devices, which incorporate all features required to connect and execute lab-on-chip (LOC) functions. The obtained results indicate that EG exhibits excellent sensing activity towards Pb and Cd ions. Several concentrations of Pb2+ solutions, ranging from 125 nM to 500 mu M, were analyzed showing Langmuir correlation between signal and Pb2+ concentrations, good stability, and reproducibility over time. Upon the simultaneous presence of both metals, sensor response is dominated by Pb2+ rather than Cd2+ ions. To explain the sensing mechanisms and difference in adsorption behavior of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions on EG in water-based solutions, we performed van-der-Waals (vdW)-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis, extended charge decomposition analysis (ECDA), and topological analysis. We demonstrated that Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions act as electron-acceptors, enhancing hole conductivity of EG, due to charge transfer from graphene to metal ions, and Pb2+ ions have preferential ability to binding with graphene over cadmium. Electrochemical measurements confirmed the conductometric results, which additionally indicate that EG is more sensitive to lead than to cadmium. |
Year | DOI | Venue |
---|---|---|
2019 | 10.3390/s19102393 | SENSORS |
Keywords | DocType | Volume |
heavy metals detection,epitaxial graphene,high sensitivity,3D-printed flow cell,reusable lab-on-chip | Journal | 19 |
Issue | ISSN | Citations |
10 | 1424-8220 | 0 |
PageRank | References | Authors |
0.34 | 0 | 7 |
Name | Order | Citations | PageRank |
---|---|---|---|
Santangelo, M.F. | 1 | 0 | 1.35 |
Ivan Shtepliuk | 2 | 1 | 0.74 |
Daniel Filippini | 3 | 1 | 1.80 |
Donatella Puglisi | 4 | 0 | 1.01 |
Mikhail Vagin | 5 | 0 | 0.34 |
Rositsa Yakimova | 6 | 0 | 0.34 |
Jens Eriksson | 7 | 0 | 1.01 |