Name
Title | ||
|---|---|---|
Evaluation of Congestion-Enabled Forwarding With Mixed Data Traffic in Vehicular Communications |
Abstract | ||
|---|---|---|
ITS-G5 is a communication system for vehicle-to-everything communication for road safety and traffic efficiency applications. On the lower layers, it is based on IEEE 802.11 standard and uses a simple ad hoc mode with a random medium access control scheme. Ad hoc networking is realized by a geographical routing scheme that provides single- and multi-hop communication over ITS-G5 links for periodic and event-driven broadcast messages. Specifically, contention-based forwarding (
<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CBF</italic>
) allows for efficient and reliable multi-hop packet transport by overhearing and timer-based transmission control. To cope with the channel congestion, decentralized congestion control (DCC) adjusts the message rate and ensures that the network load keeps below a predefined threshold of the bandwidth. To enforce a node’s message rate, a “ Gatekeeper” above the MAC and beneath
<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CBF</italic>
is added. Under high network load, this Gatekeeper introduces an additional queuing delay seen by
<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CBF</italic>
, which can cause its overhearing function to fail. This contribution studies multi-hop forwarding in the context of DCC with the Gatekeeper and
<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LIMERIC</italic>
as a rate adaptation algorithm. We propose a congestion-enabled forwarding scheme that, in comparison to existing approaches considering DCC and forwarding separately, restores the efficient operation of
<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CBF</italic>
, and improves the communication performance in terms of reliability and latency for mixed data traffic composed of single- and multi-hop packets with different priorities. The simulations show the performance improvements in a freeway scenario. An analysis assesses the boundary conditions for
<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CBF</italic>
and the Gatekeeper. Moreover, the analysis corroborates the simulation. |
Year | DOI | Venue |
|---|---|---|
2020 | 10.1109/TITS.2018.2890619 | IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems |
Keywords | Field | DocType |
Logic gates,Routing,Spread spectrum communication,Reliability,Delays,Vehicle-to-everything,Protocols | Broadcasting,Simulation,Queuing delay,Network packet,Communications system,Computer network,Communication channel,Bandwidth (signal processing),Network congestion,Wireless ad hoc network,Engineering | Journal |
Volume | Issue | ISSN |
21 | 1 | 1524-9050 |
Citations | PageRank | References |
2 | 0.36 | 0 |
Authors | ||
6 | ||
Name | Order | Citations | PageRank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sebastian Kühlmorgen | 1 | 2 | 0.36 |
| Hongsheng Lu | 2 | 71 | 8.73 |
| Andreas Festag | 3 | 594 | 94.11 |
| John Kenney | 4 | 23 | 3.73 |
| Sebastian Gemsheim | 5 | 2 | 0.36 |
| G. Fettweis | 6 | 1204 | 125.16 |