Paper Info
Title
An Energy Balanced Efficient and Reliable Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Abstract
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) face numerous challenges due to small bandwidth, long propagation delay, limited energy resources and high deployment cost. Development of efficient routing strategies is, therefore, mandatory and has remained the focus of researchers over the past few years. To address these challenges and to further improve the performance of the existing protocols, many routing protocols have been designed. In Weighting Depth and Forwarding Area Division-Depth Based Routing (WDFAD-DBR), the forwarding decision is based on the weighting depth difference, which is not an efficient way for void hole avoidance. In this paper, we propose a depth-based routing mechanism called Energy Balanced Efficient and Reliable Routing (EBER2) protocol for UWSNs. First, energy balancing among neighbors and reliability are achieved by considering residual energy and the number of Potential Forwarding Nodes (PFNs) of the forwarder node, respectively. Secondly, energy efficiency is enhanced by dividing the transmission range into power levels, and the forwarders are allowed to adaptively adjust their transmission power according to the farthest node in their neighbor list. Thirdly, duplicate packets are reduced by comparing depths, residual energy and PFNs among the neighbors. Moreover, network latency is decreased by deploying two sinks at those areas of the network that have high traffic density. The results of our simulations show that EBER2 has higher Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), lower energy tax, and lesser duplicate packets than the WDFAD-DBR routing protocol.
Year
DOI
Venue
2019
10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2955208
IEEE ACCESS
Keywords
DocType
Volume
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs),potential forwarding nodes (PFNs),packet delivery ratio (PDR),end-to-end delay (E2ED),void hole
Journal
7
ISSN
Citations 
PageRank 
2169-3536
0
0.34
References 
Authors
0
7
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Zahid Wadud1185.20
Muhammad Ismail228025.59
Abdul Baseer Qazi331.08
Farrukh Aslam Khan438834.17
Abdelouahid Derhab527732.68
Ibrar Ahmad600.34
Arbab Masood Ahmad700.34