Title
Multi-agent hierarchical policy gradient for Air Combat Tactics emergence via self-play
Abstract
Air-to-air confrontation has attracted wide attention from artificial intelligence scholars. However, in the complex air combat process, operational strategy selection depends heavily on aviation expert knowledge, which is usually expensive and difficult to obtain. Moreover, it is challenging to select optimal action sequences efficiently and accurately with existing methods, due to the high complexity of action selection when involving hybrid actions, e.g., discrete/continuous actions. In view of this, we propose a novel Multi-Agent Hierarchical Policy Gradient algorithm (MAHPG), which is capable of learning various strategies and transcending expert cognition by adversarial self-play learning. Besides, a hierarchical decision network is adopted to deal with the complicated and hybrid actions. It has a hierarchical decision-making ability similar to humankind, and thus, reduces the action ambiguity efficiently. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the MAHPG outperforms the state-of-the-art air combat methods in terms of both defense and offense ability. Notably, it is discovered that the MAHPG has the ability of Air Combat Tactics Interplay Adaptation, and new operational strategies emerged that surpass the level of experts.
Year
DOI
Venue
2021
10.1016/j.engappai.2020.104112
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Keywords
DocType
Volume
Air combat,Artificial intelligence,Multi-agent reinforcement learning
Journal
98
ISSN
Citations 
PageRank 
0952-1976
3
0.53
References 
Authors
0
11
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Zhixiao Sun141.62
Haiyin Piao231.55
Zhen Yang331.88
Yiyang Zhao430.87
Guang Zhan530.53
Deyun Zhou6183.49
Guanglei Meng730.53
Hechang Chen8189.53
Xing Chen930.53
Bohao Qu1030.53
Yuanjie Lu1130.53