Title
Sequence-based dynamic handwriting analysis for Parkinson’s disease detection with one-dimensional convolutions and BiGRUs
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is commonly characterized by several motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, akinesia, rigidity, and tremor. The analysis of patients’ fine motor control, particularly handwriting, is a powerful tool to support PD assessment. Over the years, various dynamic attributes of handwriting, such as pen pressure, stroke speed, in-air time, etc., which can be captured with the help of online handwriting acquisition tools, have been evaluated for the identification of PD. Motion events, and their associated spatio-temporal properties captured in online handwriting, enable effective classification of PD patients through the identification of unique sequential patterns. This paper proposes a novel classification model based on one-dimensional convolutions and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (BiGRUs) to assess the potential of sequential information of handwriting in identifying Parkinsonian symptoms. One-dimensional convolutions are applied to raw sequences as well as derived features; the resulting sequences are then fed to BiGRU layers to achieve the final classification. The proposed method outperformed state-of-the-art approaches on the PaHaW dataset and achieved competitive results on the NewHandPD dataset.
Year
DOI
Venue
2021
10.1016/j.eswa.2020.114405
Expert Systems with Applications
Keywords
DocType
Volume
Parkinson’s disease,Dynamic handwriting analysis,Recurrent neural networks,Computer-aided diagnosis
Journal
168
ISSN
Citations 
PageRank 
0957-4174
0
0.34
References 
Authors
0
4
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Moises Diaz-Cabrera1899.80
Momina Moetesum211.70
Imran Siddiqi342136.56
Gennaro Vessio4227.26