Paper Info
Title
LoRaWAN Scheduling: From Concept to Implementation
Abstract
While the Internet of Things continues to grow, the LoRaWAN standard is generating special interest due to its open-source nature, ultralow-power consumption and long-range connectivity. Recent works have explored the challenges of implementing LoRaWAN, with scalability being considered one of the major bottlenecks imposed by its Aloha-based medium access control (MAC) layer. Despite much on-going research on LoRaWAN scheduling aimed at alleviating this concern, experimental approaches are rarely found in the literature. In this work, we describe the steps taken and the technical issues overcome to move from a low-overhead synchronization and scheduling concept to its real-world implementation on top of LoRaWAN Class A. Accordingly, an end-to-end architecture was designed and deployed on top of STM32L0 MCUs, which communicate with a central entity responsible for providing synchronization metrics and allocating transmission slots on demand. The clock drift of devices was measured in a temperature-controlled chamber, which served as a basis to define slot lengths in the network. As a result, an operational end-to-end system was implemented and evaluated for different setup scenarios, with 10-ms accuracy being achieved. Our experimental results show significant improvements in packet delivery ratios with respect to Aloha-based setups, especially under high network loads (up to 29% for SF12), thereby demonstrating the feasibility of the presented approach.
Year
DOI
Venue
2021
10.1109/JIOT.2021.3064430
IEEE Internet of Things Journal
Keywords
DocType
Volume
Clock drift,clock skew,LoRa,LoRaWAN,scheduling,synchronization
Journal
8
Issue
ISSN
Citations 
16
2327-4662
1
PageRank 
References 
Authors
0.36
0
7
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Celia Garrido-Hidalgo112.05
jetmir haxhibeqiri29814.24
Bart Moons333.80
Jeroen Hoebeke442052.32
Teresa Olivares510015.93
F. Javier Ramirez621.42
Antonio Fernandez-Caballero7818.74