Paper Info
Title
An Optical and Temperature Assisted CMOS ISFET Sensor Array for Robust E. Coli Detection
Abstract
Both bacterial viability and concentration are significant metrics for bacterial detection. Existing miniaturized and cost-effective single-mode sensor, pH or optical, can only be skilled at detecting single information viability or concentration. This paper presents an inverter-based CMOS ion-sensitive-field-effect-transistor (ISFET) sensor array, featuring bacterial pH detection which is an indicator of viability. The proposed design realizes pH detection using the native passivation layer of CMOS process as a sensing layer and configuring an inverter-based front-end as a capacitive feedback amplifier. This sensor array is assisted by temperature sensing and optical detection which reveals bacterial concentration. The optical detection is enabled using the leakage current of a reset switch as a response to a light source. While in reset mode, the inverter-based amplifier works as a temperature sensor that could help to reduce temperature influences on pH and optical detection. All the functionalities are realized using one single inverter-based amplifier, resulting in a compact pixel structure and largely relaxed design complexity for the sensor system. Fabricated in 0.18 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula> m standard CMOS process, the proposed CMOS sensor array system achieves an amplified pH sensitivity of 221 mV/pH, an improved sensor resolution of 0.03 pH through systematic noise optimization, a linear optical response, and a maximum temperature error of 0.69 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula> C. The sensing capabilities of the proposed design are demonstrated through on-chip Escherichia coli (E. coli) detection. This study may be extended to a rapid and cost-effective platform that renders multiple information of bacterial samples.
Year
DOI
Venue
2021
10.1109/TBCAS.2021.3084540
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
Keywords
DocType
Volume
Equipment Design,Escherichia coli,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration,Temperature,Transistors, Electronic
Journal
15
Issue
ISSN
Citations 
3
1932-4545
0
PageRank 
References 
Authors
0.34
0
6
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Mingzheng Duan100.34
Xiaopeng Zhong2173.21
Zhou Xu36615.44
Omar El-Agnaf400.34
Yi-Kuen Lee5711.16
A. Bermak6354.72