Paper Info
Title
Integrity Monitoring of PPP-RTK Positioning; Part II: LEO Augmentation
Abstract
Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites benefit future ground-based positioning with their high number, strong signal strength and high speed. The rapid geometry change with the LEO augmentation offers acceleration of the convergence of the precision point positioning (PPP) solution. This contribution discusses the influences of the LEO augmentation on the precise point positioning-real-time kinematic (PPP-RTK) positioning and its integrity monitoring. Using 1 Hz simulated data around Beijing for global positioning system (GPS)/Galileo/Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS)-3 and the tested LEO constellation with 150 satellites on L1/L5, it was found that the convergence of the formal horizontal precision can be significantly shortened in the ambiguity-float case, especially for the single-constellation scenarios with low precision of the interpolated ionospheric delays. The LEO augmentation also improves the efficiency of the user ambiguity resolution and the formal horizontal precision with the ambiguities fixed. Using the integrity monitoring (IM) procedure introduced in the first part of this series of papers, the ambiguity-float horizontal protection levels (HPLs) are sharply reduced in various tested scenarios, with an improvement of more than 60% from 5 to 30 min after the processing start. The ambiguity-fixed HPLs can generally be improved by 10% to 60% with the LEO augmentation, depending on the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) constellations used and the precision of the ionospheric interpolation.
Year
DOI
Venue
2022
10.3390/rs14071599
REMOTE SENSING
Keywords
DocType
Volume
integrity monitoring, PPP-RTK, LEO, GNSS, L5
Journal
14
Issue
ISSN
Citations 
7
2072-4292
0
PageRank 
References 
Authors
0.34
0
5
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Kan Wang103.38
Ahmed El-Mowafy200.68
Wei Wang37122746.33
Long Yang400.34
Xuhai Yang500.68