Paper Info
Title
Agrobot Lala-An Autonomous Robotic System for Real-Time, In-Field Soil Sampling, and Analysis of Nitrates
Abstract
This paper presents an autonomous robotic system, an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), for in-field soil sampling and analysis of nitrates. Compared to standard methods of soil analysis it has several advantages: each sample is individually analyzed compared to average sample analysis in standard methods; each sample is georeferenced, providing a map for precision base fertilizing; the process is fully autonomous; samples are analyzed in real-time, approximately 30 min per sample; and lightweight for less soil compaction. The robotic system has several modules: commercial robotic platform, anchoring module, sampling module, sample preparation module, sample analysis module, and communication module. The system is augmented with an in-house developed cloud-based platform. This platform uses satellite images, and an artificial intelligence (AI) proprietary algorithm to divide the target field into representative zones for sampling, thus, reducing and optimizing the number and locations of the samples. Based on this, a task is created for the robot to automatically sample at those locations. The user is provided with an in-house developed smartphone app enabling overview and monitoring of the task, changing the positions, removing and adding of the sampling points. The results of the measurements are uploaded to the cloud for further analysis and the creation of prescription maps for variable rate base fertilization.
Year
DOI
Venue
2022
10.3390/s22114207
SENSORS
Keywords
DocType
Volume
UGV, precision agriculture, artificial intelligence, soil nutrient analysis, soil sampling
Journal
22
Issue
ISSN
Citations 
11
1424-8220
0
PageRank 
References 
Authors
0.34
0
6
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Goran Kitić100.34
Damir Krkljes201.01
Marko Panic323.41
Csaba Petes400.34
Slobodan Birgermajer511.05
Vladimir Crnojević600.34