Paper Info
Title
Low-Altitude-Platform-Based Airborne IoT Network (LAP-AIN) for Water Quality Monitoring in Harsh Tropical Environment
Abstract
This article proposes a novel Airborne Internet of Things Network (AIN) system architecture for monitoring water quality, combining existing wireless technologies with the aid of a low altitude platform (LAP) to relay data over long distances in hilly terrain. The proposed system consists of water quality sensors, smart utility network (SUN) devices, long range (LoRa) wireless devices, an LAP air balloon, and Wi-Fi devices. A measurement campaign was conducted to assess the proposed system, focusing on the communication link reliability and the LAP stability and robustness. Several constraints, such as payload limit and safe weather conditions, were also highlighted for operating the LAP with extensive and reliable coverage. On the other hand, characterizing the wireless channel has become a crucial parameter for planning and deploying Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Accordingly, this work proposes a novel hybrid machine learning (ML)-based semi-empirical path loss (PL) model for LoRa wireless communication. The results validated the proposed system’s effectiveness, unique characteristics, and capability to monitor water quality in a harsh environment. Results also revealed a significant difference in packet delivery rate (PDR) for different gateway height and spreading factor (SF) configurations. For instance, switching SF7 to SF12 increased PDR by 28.7%. Meanwhile, increasing gateway height increased PDR by 29.2% for similar SF configurations. The evaluation also revealed that none of the established PL models are suitable to represent harsh tropical environments. Finally, the proposed model achieved nearly 90% prediction accuracy for testing samples and 95% accuracy for training and overall measurement samples, vastly outperforming conventional models.
Year
DOI
Venue
2022
10.1109/JIOT.2022.3171294
IEEE Internet of Things Journal
Keywords
DocType
Volume
Airborne Internet of Things~(IoT),long range~(LoRa),LoRaWAN,low altitude platform~(LAP),machine learning (ML),propagation modeling,stacked models,smart utility network~(SUN),water quality monitoring (WQM)
Journal
9
Issue
ISSN
Citations 
20
2327-4662
0
PageRank 
References 
Authors
0.34
0
9
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Haider A H Alobaidy101.01
Rosdiadee Nordin227137.37
Mandeep Jit Singh321.74
Nor Fadzilah Abdullah45312.55
Azril Haniz500.34
Kentaro Ishizu600.34
Takeshi Matsumura7129.81
Fumihide Kojima823956.25
nordin ramli9152.52