Title
Application of reinforcement learning to the game of Othello
Abstract
Operations research and management science are often confronted with sequential decision making problems with large state spaces. Standard methods that are used for solving such complex problems are associated with some difficulties. As we discuss in this article, these methods are plagued by the so-called curse of dimensionality and the curse of modelling. In this article, we discuss reinforcement learning, a machine learning technique for solving sequential decision making problems with large state spaces. We describe how reinforcement learning can be combined with a function approximation method to avoid both the curse of dimensionality and the curse of modelling. To illustrate the usefulness of this approach, we apply it to a problem with a huge state space-learning to play the game of Othello. We describe experiments in which reinforcement learning agents learn to play the game of Othello without the use of any knowledge provided by human experts. It turns out that the reinforcement learning agents learn to play the game of Othello better than players that use basic strategies.
Year
DOI
Venue
2008
10.1016/j.cor.2006.10.004
Computers & OR
Keywords
DocType
Volume
Multiagent learning,Reinforcement learning,management science,Neural networks,human expert,so-called curse,function approximation method,sequential decision,huge state,basic strategy,Markov decision processes,complex problem,Dynamic programming,Othello,Game playing,large state space,Q -learning,reinforcement learning
Journal
35
Issue
ISSN
Citations 
6
Computers and Operations Research
13
PageRank 
References 
Authors
0.76
13
3
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Nees Jan van Eck1353.06
Michiel van Wezel2786.29
van EckNees Jan3693.04