Title
Blind robust 3-D mesh watermarking based on oblate spheroidal harmonics
Abstract
In this paper, a novel transform-based, blind and robust 3-D mesh watermarking scheme is presented. The 3-D surface of the mesh is firstly divided into a number of discrete continuous regions, each of which is successively sampled and mapped onto oblate spheroids, using a novel surface parameterization scheme. The embedding is performed in the spheroidal harmonic coefficients of the spheroids, using a novel embedding scheme. Changes made to the transform domain are then reversed back to the spatial domain, thus forming the watermarked 3-D mesh. The embedding scheme presented herein resembles, in principal, the ones using the multiplicative embedding rule (inherently providing high imperceptibility). The watermark detection is blind and by far more powerful than the various correlators typically incorporated by multiplicative schemes. Experimental results have shown that the proposed blind watermarking scheme is competitively robust against similarity transformations, connectivity attacks, mesh simplification and refinement, unbalanced resampling, smoothing and noise addition, even when juxtaposed to the informed ones.
Year
DOI
Venue
2009
10.1109/TMM.2008.2008913
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Keywords
Field
DocType
Robustness,Watermarking,Copyright protection,Information processing,Laboratories,Informatics,Telematics,Spline,Mesh generation,Discrete transforms
Spline (mathematics),Digital watermarking,Multiplicative function,Computer science,Watermark,Robustness (computer science),Theoretical computer science,Artificial intelligence,Embedding,Pattern recognition,Algorithm,Smoothing,Mesh generation
Journal
Volume
Issue
ISSN
11
1
1520-9210
Citations 
PageRank 
References 
10
0.50
27
Authors
5
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
John M. Konstantinides1100.50
Athanasios Mademlis2643.85
Petros Daras31129131.72
PERICLES A. MITKAS473379.29
Michael Gerasimos Strintzis51171104.83