Paper Info
Title
Anti-collusion codes: multi-user and multimedia perspectives
Abstract
Digital fingerprinting is an effective method to identify users who might try to redistribute multimedia content, such as images and video. These fingerprints are typically embedded into the con- tent using watermarking techniques that are designed to be robust to a variety of attacks. A cheap and effective attack against such digital fingerprints is collusion, where several differently marked copies of the same content are averaged or combined to disrupt the underlying fingerprint. We present a construction of collusion- resistant fingerprints based upon anti-collusion codes (ACC) and binary code modulation. ACC have the property that the compo- sition of any subset of K or fewer codevectors is unique. Using this property, we build fingerprints that allow for the identifica- tion of groups of K or less colluders. We present a construction of binary-valued ACC under the logical AND operation using the the- ory of combinatorial designs. Our code construction requires only O( √ n) orthogonal signals to accommodate n users. We demon- strate the performance of our ACC for fingerprinting multimedia by identifying colluders through experiments using real images.
Year
DOI
Venue
2002
10.1109/ICIP.2002.1039909
Image Processing. 2002. Proceedings. 2002 International Conference  
Keywords
Field
DocType
binary codes,combinatorial mathematics,data encapsulation,image coding,message authentication,modulation coding,multimedia computing,watermarking,anti-collusion codes,binary code modulation,combinatorial designs,digital fingerprinting,embedding,images,logical AND operation,multimedia content,performance,watermarking
Digital watermarking,Logical conjunction,Pattern recognition,Message authentication code,Computer science,Fingerprint recognition,Binary code,Fingerprint,Combinatorial design,Artificial intelligence,Multimedia,Multi-user
Conference
Volume
ISSN
Citations 
2
1522-4880
3
PageRank 
References 
Authors
0.49
7
3
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
W. Trappe172138.85
Min Wu22703190.18
K. J. Ray Liu310390743.86