Paper Info
Title
Integration of GMR Sensors with Different Technologies.
Abstract
Less than thirty years after the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect was described, GMR sensors are the preferred choice in many applications demanding the measurement of low magnetic fields in small volumes. This rapid deployment from theoretical basis to market and state-of-the-art applications can be explained by the combination of excellent inherent properties with the feasibility of fabrication, allowing the real integration with many other standard technologies. In this paper, we present a review focusing on how this capability of integration has allowed the improvement of the inherent capabilities and, therefore, the range of application of GMR sensors. After briefly describing the phenomenological basis, we deal on the benefits of low temperature deposition techniques regarding the integration of GMR sensors with flexible (plastic) substrates and pre-processed CMOS chips. In this way, the limit of detection can be improved by means of bettering the sensitivity or reducing the noise. We also report on novel fields of application of GMR sensors by the recapitulation of a number of cases of success of their integration with different heterogeneous complementary elements. We finally describe three fully functional systems, two of them in the bio-technology world, as the proof of how the integrability has been instrumental in the meteoric development of GMR sensors and their applications.
Year
DOI
Venue
2016
10.3390/s16060939
SENSORS
Keywords
Field
DocType
GMR,integration,technology
Electronic engineering,CMOS,Electronics,Engineering,Giant magnetoresistance,Electrical engineering
Journal
Volume
Issue
ISSN
16
6.0
1424-8220
Citations 
PageRank 
References 
5
0.73
7
Authors
7
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
M. -D. Cubells-BeltráN1285.67
Candid Reig2214.39
Jordi Madrenas315027.87
Andrea De Marcellis44812.21
Joana Santos550.73
Susana Cardoso6204.88
Paulo P. Freitas74817.51