Title
Multi-GNSS PPP-RTK: From Large- to Small-Scale Networks.
Abstract
Precise point positioning (PPP) and its integer ambiguity resolution-enabled variant, PPP-RTK (real-time kinematic), can benefit enormously from the integration of multiple global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). In such a multi-GNSS landscape, the positioning convergence time is expected to be reduced considerably as compared to the one obtained by a single-GNSS setup. It is therefore the goal of the present contribution to provide numerical insights into the role taken by the multi-GNSS integration in delivering fast and high-precision positioning solutions (sub-decimeter and centimeter levels) using PPP-RTK. To that end, we employ the Curtin PPP-RTK platform and process data-sets of GPS, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and Galileo in stand-alone and combined forms. The data-sets are collected by various receiver types, ranging from high-end multi-frequency geodetic receivers to low-cost single-frequency mass-market receivers. The corresponding stations form a large-scale (Australia-wide) network as well as a small-scale network with inter-station distances less than 30 km. In case of the Australia-wide GPS-only ambiguity-float setup, 90% of the horizontal positioning errors (kinematic mode) are shown to become less than five centimeters after 103 min. The stated required time is reduced to 66 min for the corresponding GPS + BDS + Galieo setup. The time is further reduced to 15 min by applying single-receiver ambiguity resolution. The outcomes are supported by the positioning results of the small-scale network.
Year
DOI
Venue
2018
10.3390/s18041078
SENSORS
Keywords
Field
DocType
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS),PPP-RTK network and user,network in-loop,carrier phase ambiguity resolution,ionosphere weighted model
Galileo (satellite navigation),Geodetic datum,Electronic engineering,Real-time computing,Ranging,Ambiguity resolution,GNSS applications,Global Positioning System,Engineering,BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,Precise Point Positioning
Journal
Volume
Issue
ISSN
18
4.0
1424-8220
Citations 
PageRank 
References 
0
0.34
1
Authors
5
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Nandakumaran Nadarajah1183.76
Amir Khodabandeh211.46
Kan Wang303.38
Mazher Choudhury400.68
Peter J. G. Teunissen5247.51