Paper Info
Title
Energy-Efficient Harmonic Transponder Based on On-Off Keying Modulation for Both Identification and Sensing
Abstract
This paper presents a novel passive Schottky-diode frequency doubler equipped with an on-off keying (OOK) modulation port to be used in harmonic transponders for both identification and sensing applications. The amplitude modulation of the second-harmonic output signal is achieved by driving a low-frequency MOSFET, which modifies the dc impedance termination of the doubler. Since the modulation signal is applied to the gate port of the transistor, no static current is drained. A proof-of-concept prototype was manufactured and tested, operating at 1.04 GHz. An on/off ratio of 23 dB was observed in the conversion loss of the doubler for an available input power of -10 dBm. The modulation port of the circuit was excited with a square wave (f(m) up to 15 MHz), and the measured sidebands in the spectrum featured a good agreement with the theory. Then, the doubler was connected to a harmonic antenna system and tested in a wireless experiment for f(m) up to 1 MHz, showing an excellent performance. Finally, an experiment was conducted where the output signal of the doubler was modulated by a reed switch used to measure the rotational speed of an electrical motor. This work opens the door to a new class of frequency doublers, suitable for ultra low-power harmonic transponders for identification and sensing applications.
Year
DOI
Venue
2022
10.3390/s22020620
SENSORS
Keywords
DocType
Volume
frequency doubler, harmonic radar, harmonic transponder, internet of things
Journal
22
Issue
ISSN
Citations 
2
1424-8220
1
PageRank 
References 
Authors
0.48
0
5
Name
Order
Citations
PageRank
Valentina Palazzi132.35
Luca Roselli210.48
Manos M. Tentzeris313825.84
Paolo Mezzanotte410.48
Federico Alimenti510.82